The Pragmatic Meanings of Car Stickers in Jordan

Bilal A. Al-Adaileh, Lana J. Kreishan

Abstract


This study is aimed at investigating the illocutionary forces of car stickers in Jordan as an under-researched area of Arabic pragmatics. The study is based on authentic data collected over a year as found displayed on cars in the south, mid and north of Jordan. The data collected were found to display a wide range of social, romantic and economic functions including displaying vehicle size and brand, protection against envy, disappointment and betrayal, giving advice, displaying love and romantic challenges, crises and car stickers aimed at attracting others’ attention. Stickers used as a protective measure against evil eye were found to be the most frequently used stickers in our data (32.65%). Though car stickers are equated with amusement and humor, they are used nowadays as a tool to indirectly criticize social, economic and political crises, and this could reflect the social and economic challenges of life. The overwhelmingly rhythmic car stickers examined in the study were found to be instances of decodable expressions whose overall meanings could be recovered by sticker readers.

Keywords


Car Stickers, Pragmatic, Implicatures, Metaphor, Metonymy

Full Text:

PDF

References


Al-Momani, Husam & Baker Mohammad Jamil Bani-Khair & Yousef Mohammad Khaled Alshaboul. 2017. Bumper Stickers in Jordan: A Structural Analysis. Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 8/4. 91-96. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.8n.4p.91

Arundale, Robert. 1997. Against (Grice’s) intention. Paper presented at LSI Preconference on Language and Cognition. International Communication Association Conference, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.

Arundale, Robert. 1999. An alternative model and ideology of communication for an alternative to politeness theory. Pragmatics, 9. 119–154.

Arundale, Robert. 2004. Co-constituting face in conversation: An alternative to Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory. Paper presented at 90th Annual National Communication Association Conference, Chicago, Illinois.

Arundale, Robert. 2005. Pragmatics, conversational implicature, and conversation. In: Fitch, Kristine & Sanders, Robert (Eds.), Handbook of Language and Social Interaction. Lawrence Erlbaum, Mahwah, NJ, pp. 41–63.

Block, Linda-Renee. 2000. ‘Mobile Discourse: Political Bumper Stickers as a Communication Event in Israel’. Journal of Communication, 50(2). 48–76.

Brown, Penelope & Levinson, Stephen. 1987. Politeness. Some Universals in Language Usage. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Chiluwa, Innocent. 2008. Religious Vehicle Stickers in Nigeria: A Discourse of Identity, Faith and Social Vision. Discourse and Communication, 2(4). 371-87.

Deignan, Alice. 2005. Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.

Grice, Paul. 1975. Logic and conversation. In Cole, Peter & Morgan, Jerry, L. Syntax and Semantics 3. New York: Academic Press. 41-58.

Halliday, Michael. 1985. An Introduction to Functional Grammar. London: Edward

Arnold.

Haugh, Michael. 2003. Anticipated versus inferred politeness. Multilingua, 22. 397–413.

Haugh, Michael. 2004. Revisiting the conceptualisation of politeness in English and Japanese. Multilingua, 23. 85–109.

Haugh, Michael & Hinze, Carl. 2003. A metalinguistic approach to deconstructing the concepts of ‘face’ and ‘politeness’ in Chinese, English and Japanese. Journal of Pragmatics, 35. 1581–1611.

Haynsworth, Leslie. 2008. My Volvo, My Self: The (Largely Unintended) Existential Implications of Bumper Stickers. Fourth Genre, 10(1). 21-34.

Holmes, Janet. 2006. Sharing a laugh: Pragmatic aspects of humor and gender in the workplace. Journal of Pragmatics, 38. 26–50.

Jaradat, Abdullah. 2016. Content-Based Analysis of Bumper Stickers in Jordan. Advances in Language and Literary Studies 7/6. 256-261. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.7n.6p.253.

Lakoff, George. 1987. Women, Fire, and Dangerous Things. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Lakoff, George & Turner, Mark. 1989. More Than Cool Reason: A Field Guide to Poetic

Metaphor. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Levinson, Stephen. 2000. Presumptive Meanings. The Theory of Generalised Conversational Implicature. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Martin, Rod. 2007. The Psychology of Humor: An integrative Approach. California, Calif: Academic Press.

Morrison, Mary, Kay. 2012. Using Humor to Maximize Living: Connecting with Humor. (2nd ed.) Plymouth: R & L Education.

Newhagen, John & Ancell, Michael. 1995.‘The Expression of Emotion and Social Status in the Language of Bumper Stickers.’ Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 14(3). 312–23.

Norton-Meier, Lori. 2004. The Bumper Sticker Curriculum: Learning from Words on the Backs of Cars. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy, 48(3). 260-63.

Ogunnike, Faleke Victoria. 2013. Semantic Critique Of The Language Of Some Religious Car Stickers In Oyo State, Nigeria. IOSR Journal Of Humanities And Social Science (IOSR-JHSS), 11/5. 35-42.

Rogerson-Revell, Pamela. 2007. Humour in business: A double-edged sword: A study of humour and style shifting in intercultural business meetings. Journal of Pragmatics, 39. 4–28.

Ruiz de Mendoza, Francisco & Pérez Hernández, Lorena. 2003. Cognitive operations and pragmatic implication. In: Panther, Klaus-Uwe & Thornburg, Linda L. (eds.). Metonymy and Pragmatic Inferencing. Amsterdam & Philadelphia: John Benjamins, 23-49.

Salamon, Hagar. 2001. ‘Political Bumper Stickers in Contemporary Israel: Folklore as an Emotional Battleground’. Journal of American Folklore, 114 (453). 277–308.

Stern, Barbara & Soloman, Michael. 1992. “Have You Kissed Your Professor Today?”: Bumper Stickers and Consum¬er Self Statements. Advances in Consumer Research, 19. 169-173.

Terkourafi, Marina. 2003. Generalised and particularised implicatures of linguistic politeness. In: Kuhnlein, Peter & Rieser, Hannes & Zeevat, Henk (Eds.), Perspectives on Dialogue in the New Millennium. Amsterdam: John Benjamins, 149–164.

Terkourafi, Marina. 2005. Beyond the micro-level in politeness research. Journal of Politeness Research, 1. 237–262.

Ullmann, Stephen. 1962. Semantics: An Introduction to the Science of Meaning. Oxford: Blackwell.

Walker, Nancy. 1998. What’s So Funny?: Humor in American Culture. Wilmington: Rowman.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.12n.3.p.94

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2010-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.

Advances in Language and Literary Studies

You may require to add the 'aiac.org.au' domain to your e-mail 'safe list’ If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox'. Otherwise, you may check your 'Spam mail' or 'junk mail' folders.