Ground Reaction Force Comparison Between Barefoot and Shod Single Leg Landing at Varied Heights

Jocelyn E. Arnett, Cameron D. Addie, Ludmila M. Cosio-Lima, Lee E. Brown

Abstract


Background: Landing is a common movement that occurs in many sports. Barefoot research has gained popularity in examining how shoes alter natural movements. However, it is unknown how a single leg landing under barefoot conditions, as well as landing height, affects ground reaction forces (GRF). Objective: The purpose of this research was to examine the differences in GRF during a single leg landing under barefoot and shod conditions from various heights. Methods: Sixteen female Division II collegiate athletes, 8 basketball (age: 19.88 ± 0.64 yrs; height: 1.77 ± 0.09 m; mass: 75.76 ± 12.97 kg) and 8 volleyball (age: 20.00 ± 1.07 yrs; height: 1.74 ± 0.08 m; mass: 72.41 ± 5.41 kg), performed single leg landings from 12, 18, 24, and 30 inches barefoot and shod. An AMTI AccuGait force plate was used to record GRF. A 2 (condition) x 4 (box height) x 2 (sport) repeated measures ANOVA was performed to determine any GRF differences. Results: There were no significant three way or two-way interactions (p > 0.05). There was also no main effect for sport (p > 0.05). There were main effects for footwear and box height (p = 0.000) where shod (2295.121 ± 66.025 N) had greater impact than barefoot (2090.233 ± 62.684 N). Conclusions: Single leg barefoot landings resulted in less vertical GRF than shod landings. This could be due to increased flexion at the joints which aids in force absorption.


Keywords


Shoes, Foot, Volleyball, Basketball, Biomechanical Phenomena

Full Text:

PDF

References


Arampatzis, A., Morey-Klapsing, G., & Brüggemann, G. P. (2003). The effect of falling height on muscle activity and foot motion during landings. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 13(6), 533-544. Doi: 10.1016/S1050-6411(03)00059-2

Ball, N. B., Stock, C. G., & Scurr, J. C. (2010). Bilateral contact ground reaction forces and contact times during plyometric drop jumping. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 24(10), 2762-2769. Doi:10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181cc2408

Buhagiar, K., Shadmi, A., Schiller, L., Schwartzer, K., & Woychick, S. (2018, April 4). Differences in sagittal plane joint angles between shod and barefoot landing from a drop jump [Presentation]. Whalen Symposia, Ithaca College. https://digitalcommons.ithaca.edu/whalen/2018/presentations/84/

Decker, M. J., Torry, M. R., Wyland, D. J., Sterett, W. I., & Steadman, J. R. (2003). Gender differences in lower extremity kinematics, kinetics and energy absorption during landing. Clinical Biomechanics, 18(7), 662-669. Doi: 10.1016/S0268-0033(03)00090-1

Derrick, T. R. (2004). The effects of knee contact angle on impact forces and accelerations. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 36(5), 832-837. Doi: 10.1249/01.MSS.0000126779.65353.CB

Fagenbaum, R., & Darling, W. G. (2003). Jump landing strategies in male and female college athletes and the implications of such strategies for anterior cruciate ligament injury. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 31(2), 233-240. Doi: 0363-5465/103/3131-0233$02.00/0

Fu, W., Fang, Y., Gu, Y., Huang, L., Li, L., & Liu, Y. (2017). Shoe cushioning reduces impact and muscle activation during landings from unexpected, but not self-initiated, drops. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 20(10), 915-920. Doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2017.03.009

Harry, J. R., Paquette, M. R., Caia, J., Townsend, R. J., Weiss, L. W., & Schilling, B. K. (2015). Effects of footwear condition on maximal jumping performance. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(6), 1657-1665. Doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000813

Hong, Y. G., Yoon, Y. J., Kim, P., & Shin, C. S. (2014). The kinematic/kinetic differences of the knee and ankle joint during single-leg landing between shod and barefoot condition. International Journal of Precision Engineering and Manufacturing, 15(10), 2193-2197. Doi: 10.1007/s12541-014-0581-9

Koyama, K., & Yamauchi, J. (2018). Comparison of lower limb kinetics, kinematics and muscle activation during drop jumping under shod and barefoot conditions. Journal of Biomechanics, 69, 47-53. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.01.011

LaPorta, J. W., Brown, L. E., Coburn, J. W., Galpin, A. J., Tufano, J. J., Cazas, V. L., & Tan, J. G. (2013). Effects of different footwear on vertical jump and landing parameters. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 27(3), 733-737. Doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318280c9ce

Logan, S., Hunter, I., Hopkins, J. T., Feland, J. B., & Parcell, A. C. (2010). Ground reaction force differences between running shoes, racing flats, and distance spikes in runners. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 9(1), 147. Retrieved from https://www.jssm.org/jssm-09-147.xml%3Eabst

Louw, Q., Grimmer, K., & Vaughan, C. (2006). Knee movement patterns of injured and uninjured adolescent basketball players when landing from a jump: A case-control study. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 7(1), 22. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-7-22

McNair, P. J., & Prapavessis, H. (1999). Normative data of vertical ground reaction forces during landing from a jump. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 2(1), 86-88. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1440-2440(99)80187-X

Nin, D. Z., Lam, W. K., & Kong, P. W. (2016). Effect of body mass and midsole hardness on kinetic and perceptual variables during basketball landing manoeuvers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(8), 756-765. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2015.1069381

Read M. M., Cisar C. (2001) The influence of varied rest interval lengths on depth jump performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research. 15(3), 279-283. Doi: 10.1519/1533-4287(2001)015<0279:tiovri>2.0.co;2.

Robbins, S., Waked, E., & McClaran, J. (1995). Proprioception and stability: foot position awareness as a function of age and footware. Age and Ageing, 24(1), 67-72. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/24.1.67

Schmitz, R. J., Kulas, A. S., Perrin, D. H., Riemann, B. L., & Shultz, S. J. (2007). Sex differences in lower extremity biomechanics during single leg landings. Clinical Biomechanics, 22(6), 681-688. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2007.03.001

Self, B. P., & Paine, D. (2001). Ankle biomechanics during four landing techniques. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 33(8), 1338-1344. Doi: 10.1097/00005768-200108000-00015

Shultz, S. J., Schmitz, R. J., Tritsch, A. J., & Montgomery, M. M. (2012). Methodological considerations of task and shoe wear on joint energetics during landing. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology, 22(1), 124-130. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2011.11.001

Sinclair, J., Hobbs, S. J., & Selfe, J. (2015). The influence of minimalist footwear on knee and ankle load during depth jumping. Research in Sports Medicine, 23(3), 289-301. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2015.1040917

Slater, A., Campbell, A., Smith, A., & Straker, L. (2015). Greater lower limb flexion in gymnastic landings is associated with reduced landing force: A repeated measures study. Sports Biomechanics, 14(1), 45-56. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2015.1029514

Tran, T. T., Lundgren, L., Secomb, J., Farley, O. R., Haff, G. G., Newton, R. U., Nimphius, S., & Sheppard, J. M. (2015). Development and evaluation of a drop-and-stick method to assess landing skills in various levels of competitive surfers. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 10(3), 396-400. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0375

Wei, Q., Wang, Z., Woo, J., Liebenberg, J., Park, S. K., Ryu, J., & Lam, W. K. (2018). Kinetics and perception of basketball landing in various heights and footwear cushioning. PloS one, 13(8), e0201758. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201758

Yeow, C. H., Lee, P. V. S., & Goh, J. C. H. (2009). Effect of landing height on frontal plane kinematics, kinetics and energy dissipation at lower extremity joints. Journal of Biomechanics, 42(12), 1967-1973. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2009.05.017

Yeow, C. H., Lee, P. V. S., & Goh, J. C. H. (2011). Shod landing provides enhanced energy dissipation at the knee joint relative to barefoot landing from different heights. The Knee, 18(6), 407-411. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.knee.2010.07.011

Zech, A., Argubi-Wollesen, A., & Rahlf, A. L. (2015). Minimalist, standard and no footwear on static and dynamic postural stability following jump landing. European Journal of Sport Science, 15(4), 279-285. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2014.936322

Zhang, S., Clowers, K., Kohstall, C., & Yu, Y. J. (2005). Effects of various midsole densities of basketball shoes on impact attenuation during landing activities. Journal of Applied Biomechanics, 21(1), 3-17. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1123/jab.21.1.3




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.9n.4p.29

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2013-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.

International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science

You may require to add the 'aiac.org.au' domain to your e-mail 'safe list’ If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox'. Otherwise, you may check your 'Spam mail' or 'junk mail' folders.