Brain Injuries in American Football: Understanding the Injury, Difficulty in Helmet Optimization, and Current Communication Practices – A Narrative Review
Abstract
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Bailey, A., Funk, J., Lessley, D., Sherwood, C., Crandall, J., Neale, W., & Rose, N. (2018). Validation of a videogrammetry technique for analysing American football helmet kinematics. Sports Biomechanics, 19(5), 678-700. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2018.1513059
Bain, A. C., & Meaney, D. F. (2000). Tissue-level thresholds for axonal damage in an experimental model of central nervous system white matter injury. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 122(6), 615–622. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.1324667
Bartsch, A., Benzel, E., Miele, V., & Prakash, V. (2012). Impact test comparisons of 20th and 21st century American football helmets: Laboratory investigation. Journal of Neurosurgery, 116(1), 222–233. https://doi.org/10.3171/2011.9.JNS111059
Bayly, P. V., Black, E. E., Pedersen, R. C., Leister, E. P., & Genin, G. M. (2005). In vivo imaging of rapid deformation and strain in an animal model of traumatic brain injury. Journal of Biomechanics, 39(1), 1086–1095. https://doi.org/10.1038/jid.2014.371
Boden, B. P., Tacchetti, R. L., Cantu, R. C., Knowles, S. B., & Mueller, F. O. (2007). Catastrophic head injuries in high school and college football players. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 35(7), 1075–1081. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546507299239
Broglio, S. P., Surma, T., & Ashton-Miller, J. A. (2012). High school and collegiate football athlete concussions: A biomechanical review. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 40(1), 37–46. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-011-0396-0
Budday, S., Ovaert, T. C., Holzapfel, G. A., Steinmann, P., & Kuhl, E. (2019). Fifty Shades of Brain: A Review on the Mechanical Testing and Modeling of Brain Tissue. Archives of Computational Methods in Engineering. Springer Netherlands. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11831-019-09352-w
Burch, R. F., Strawderman, L., Piroli, A., Chander, H., Tian, W., & Murphy, F. (2019). The Importance of Baselining Division 1 Football Athlete Jumping Movements for Performance , Injury Mitigation , and Return to Play. In International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (pp. 332–344).
Campolettano, E. T., Gellner, R. A., & Rowson, S. (2018). Relationship between Impact Velocity and Resulting Head Accelerations during Head Impacts in Youth Football. Proc Int IRCOBI Conf Biomech Impacts., 326–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.03.040
Campolettano, E. T., Gellner, R. A., Smith, E. P., Bellamkonda, S., Tierney, C. T., Crisco, J. J., … Rowson, S. (2019). Development of a Concussion Risk Function for a Youth Population Using Head Linear and Rotational Acceleration. Annals of Biomedical Engineering. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02382-2
Campolettano, E. T., Rowson, S., & Duma, S. M. (2016). Drill-specific head impact exposure in youth football practice. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 18(5), 536–541. https://doi.org/10.3171/2016.5.PEDS1696
Cater, H. L., Sundstrom, L. E., & Morrison, B. (2006). Temporal development of hippocampal cell death is dependent on tissue strain but not strain rate. Journal of Biomechanics, 39(15), 2810–2818. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2005.09.023
Chatelin, S., Constantinesco, A., & Willinger, R. (2010). Fifty years of brain tissue mechanical testing: From in vitro to in vivo investigations. Biorheology, 47(5–6), 255–276. https://doi.org/10.3233/BIR-2010-0576
Collins, C. L., McKenzie, L. B., Ferketich, A. K., Andridge, R., Xiang, H., & Comstock, R. D. (2016). Concussion characteristics in high school football by helmet age/recondition status, manufacturer, and model: 2008-2009 through 2012-2013 academic years in the United States. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(6), 1382–1390. https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546516629626
Crisco, J. J., Fiore, R., Beckwith, J. G., Chu, J. J., Brolinson, P. G., Duma, S., … Greenwald, R. M. (2010). Frequency and location of head impact exposures in individual collegiate football players. Journal of Athletic Training, 45(6), 549–559. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.6.549
Crisco, J. J., Wilcox, B. J., Beckwith, J. G., Chu, J. J., Duhaime, A. C., Rowson, S., … Greenwald, R. M. (2011). Head impact exposure in collegiate football players. Journal of Biomechanics, 44(15), 2673–2678. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2011.08.003
Daneshvar, D. H., Nowinski, C. J., McKee, A. C., & Cantu, R. C. (2011). The Epidemiology of Sport-Related Concussion. Clinics in Sports Medicine, 30(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2010.08.006
Daniel, R. W., Rowson, S., & Duma, S. M. (2014). Head impact exposure in youth football: Middle school ages 12-14 years. Journal of Biomechanical Engineering, 136(9), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4027872
Duma, S. M., Manoogian, S. J., Bussone, W. R., Brolinson, P. G., Goforth, M. W., Donnenwerth, J. J., … Crisco, J. J. (2005). Analysis of real-time head accelerations in collegiate football players. Clinical Journal of Sport Medicine, 15(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/00042752-200501000-00002
Elkin, B. S., Gabler, L. F., Panzer, M. B., & Siegmund, G. P. (2019). Brain tissue strains vary with head impact location: A possible explanation for increased concussion risk in struck versus striking football players. Clinical Biomechanics, 64(2017), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2018.03.021
Elliott, M. R., Margulies, S. S., Maltese, M. R., & Arbogast, K. B. (2015). Accounting for sampling variability, injury under-reporting, and sensor error in concussion injury risk curves. Journal of Biomechanics, 48(12), 3059–3065. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.07.026
Emery, C. A., Black, A. M., Kolstad, A., Martinez, G., Nettel-Aguirre, A., Engebretsen, L., … Schneider, K. (2017). What strategies can be used to effectively reduce the risk of concussion in sport? A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(12), 978–984. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097452
Forbes, J. A., Zuckerman, S., Abla, A. A., Mocco, J., Bode, K., & Eads, T. (2014). Biomechanics of subdural hemorrhage in American football: Review of the literature in response to rise in incidence. Child’s Nervous System, 30(2), 197–203. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00381-013-2318-y
Forbes, J. A., Zuckerman, S. L., He, L., McCalley, E., Lee, Y. M., Solomon, G. S., … Sills, A. K. (2013). Subdural hemorrhage in two high-school football players: Post-injury helmet testing. Pediatric Neurosurgery, 49(1), 43–49. https://doi.org/10.1159/000355121
Ford, J. M., Campbell, K. R., Ford, C. B., Boyd, K. E., Padua, D. A., & Mihalik, J. P. (2018). Can Functional Movement Assessment Predict Football Head Impact Biomechanics? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 50(6), 1233–1240. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001538
Goriely, A., Geers, M. G. D., Holzapfel, G. A., Jayamohan, J., Jérusalem, A., Sivaloganathan, S., … Kuhl, E. (2015). Mechanics of the brain: perspectives, challenges, and opportunities. Biomechanics and Modeling in Mechanobiology, 14(5), 931–965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10237-015-0662-4
Greenhill, D. A., Navo, P., Zhao, H., Torg, J., Comstock, R. D., & Boden, B. P. (2016). Inadequate Helmet Fit Increases Concussion Severity in American High School Football Players. Sports Health, 8(3), 238–243. https://doi.org/10.1177/1941738116639027
Hernandez, F., Shull, P. B., & Camarillo, D. B. (2015). Evaluation of a laboratory model of human head impact biomechanics. Journal of Biomechanics, 48(12), 3469–3477. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.05.034
Hicks, J., Wall, E., Shelly, Z., Jones, P., Burch, R., & Reimann, W. (2019). Signal detection in American football play calling : A comprehensive literature review. Cogent Psychology, 6(1), 1703471 (1-15). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311908.2019.1703471
Kelley, M. E., Kane, J. M., Espeland, M. A., Miller, L. E., Powers, A. K., Stitzel, J. D., & Urban, J. E. (2017). Head impact exposure measured in a single youth football team during practice drills. Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics, 20(5), 489–497. https://doi.org/10.3171/2017.5.PEDS16627
Kuo, C., Wu, L., Loza, J., Senif, D., Anderson, S. C., & Camarillo, D. B. (2018). Comparison of video-based and sensor-based head impact exposure. PLoS ONE, 13(6), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0199238
Levy, M. L., Ozgur, B. M., Berry, C., Aryan, H. E., & Apuzzo, M. L. J. (2004). Birth and Evolution of the Football Helmet. Neurosurgery, 55(3), 656–662. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000134599.01917.AA
Lloyd, J., & Conidi, F. (2016). Brain injury in sports. Journal of Neurosurgery, 124(3), 667–674. https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.11.JNS141742
Luczak, T., Burch, R., Lewis, E., Chander, H., & Ball, J. (2019). State-of-the-art review of athletic wearable technology : What 113 strength and conditioning coaches and athletic trainers from the USA said about technology in sports. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 15(1), 26–40. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954119885244
Manoogian, S., McNeely, D., Duma, S., Brolinson, G., & Greenwald, R. (2006). Head acceleration is less than 10 percent of helmet acceleration in football impacts. Biomedical Sciences Instrumentation, 42, 383–388.
McCrory, P., Feddermann-Demont, N., Dvoøák, J., Cassidy, J. D., McIntosh, A., Vos, P. E., … Tarnutzer, A. A. (2017). What is the definition of sports-related concussion: A systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 51(11), 877–887. https://doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2016-097393
Mckee, A. C., Abdolmohammadi, B., & Stein, T. D. (2018). The neuropathology of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Handbook of Clinical Neurology, 158, 297–307. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-63954-7.00028-8
McKee, A. C., Cantu, R. C., Nowinski, C. J., Hedley-whyte, T., Gavett, B. E., Budson, A. E., … Stern, R. a. (2010). Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy in Athletes: Progressive Tauopathy following Repetitive Head Injury. Journal of Neuropathology and Experimental Neurology, 68(7), 709–735. https://doi.org/10.1097/NEN.0b013e3181a9d503.Chronic
McKeithan, L., Hibshman, N., Yengo-Kahn, A., Solomon, G. S., & Zuckerman, S. (2019). Sport-Related Concussion: Evaluation, Treatment, and Future Directions. Medical Sciences, 7(3), 44. https://doi.org/10.3390/medsci7030044
Merchant-Borna, K., Asselin, P., Narayan, D., Abar, B., Jones, C. M. C., & Bazarian, J. J. (2016). Novel Method of Weighting Cumulative Helmet Impacts Improves Correlation with Brain White Matter Changes After One Football Season of Sub-concussive Head Blows. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 44(12), 3679–3692. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-016-1680-9
Mihalik, J. P., Sumrall, A. Z., Yeargin, S. W., Guskiewicz, K. M., King, K. B., Trulock, S. C., & Shields, E. W. (2017). Environmental and physiological factors affect football head impact biomechanics. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise (Vol. 49). https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000001325
Nakatsuka, A. S., & Yamamoto, L. G. (2014). External foam layers to football helmets reduce head impact severity. Hawai’i Journal of Medicine & Public Health : A Journal of Asia Pacific Medicine & Public Health, 73(8), 256–261.
O’Connor, K. L., Rowson, S., Duma, S. M., & Broglio, S. P. (2017). Head-impact-measurement devices: A systematic review. Journal of Athletic Training, 52(3), 206–227. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050.52.2.05
Petraglia, A., Plog, B., Dayawansa, S., Dashnaw, M., Czerniecka, K., Walker, C., … Nedergaard, M. (2014). The pathophysiology underlying repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in a novel mouse model of chronic traumatic encephalopathy. Surgical Neurology International, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.4103/2152-7806.147566
NFL. (2020). Helmet Laboratory Testing Performance Results. playsmartplaysafe.com. https://www.playsmartplaysafe.com/resource/helmet-laboratory-testing-performance-results/
Reid, B., Schreiber, K., Shawhan, J., Stewart, E., Burch, R., & Reimann, W. (2020). Reaction time assessment for coaching defensive players in NCAA division 1 American football: A comprehensive literature review. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 77, 102942 (1-10). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2020.102942
Reynolds, B. B., Patrie, J., Henry, E. J., Goodkin, H. P., Broshek, D. K., Wintermark, M., & Druzgal, T. J. (2016). Practice type effects on head impact in collegiate football. Journal of Neurosurgery, 124(2), 501–510. https://doi.org/10.3171/2015.5.JNS15573
Risling, M., Smith, D., Stein, T. D., Thelin, E. P., Zanier, E. R., Ankarcrona, M., & Nilsson, P. (2019). Modelling human pathology of traumatic brain injury in animal models. Journal of Internal Medicine, 285(6), 594-607. https://doi.org/10.1111/joim.12909
Rowson, S., Campolettano, E. T., Duma, S. M., Stemper, B., Shah, A., Harezlak, J., … McCrea, M. (2019). Accounting for Variance in Concussion Tolerance Between Individuals: Comparing Head Accelerations Between Concussed and Physically Matched Control Subjects. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 47(10), 2048–2056. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-019-02329-7
Rowson, S., Daniel, R. W., & Duma, S. M. (2013). Biomechanical performance of leather and modern football helmets Technical note. Journal of Neurosurgery, 119(3), 805–809. https://doi.org/10.3171/2013.3.JNS121735
Rowson, S., Duma, S. M., Greenwald, R. M., Beckwith, J. G., Chu, J. J., Guskiewicz, K. M., … Brolinson, P. G. (2014). Can helmet design reduce the risk of concussion in football? Technical note. Journal of Neurosurgery, 120(4), 919–922. https://doi.org/10.3171/2014.1.JNS13916
Saulle, M., & Greenwald, B. D. (2012). Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy: A Review. Rehabilitation Research and Practice, 2012, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2012/816069
Schmidt, J. L., Tweten, D. J., Badachhape, A. A., Reiter, A. J., Okamoto, R. J., Garbow, J. R., & Bayly, P. V. (2018). Measurement of anisotropic mechanical properties in porcine brain white matter ex vivo using magnetic resonance elastography. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, 79, 30–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.11.045
Shelly, Z., Burch, R. F., Tian, W., Strawderman, L., Piroli, A., & Bichey, C. (2020). Using K-means Clustering to Create Training Groups for Elite American Football Student-athletes Based on Game Demands. International Journal of Kinesiology & Sports Science, 8(2), 47–62. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.2p.47
Shelly, Z., Stewart, E., Fonville, T., Burch V, R. F., Chander, H., Strawderman, L., … Bichey, C. (2019). Helmet Prototype Response Time Assessment using NCAA Division 1 Collegiate Football Athletes. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 7(4), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.4p.53
Teasdale, G., & Jennett, B. (1974). Assessment of Coma and Impaired Consciousness: A Practical Scale. The Lancet, 13(2), 81–84. https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.1999.10806094
Urban, J. E., Davenport, E. M., Golman, A. J., Maldjian, J. A., Whitlow, C. T., Powers, A. K., & Stitzel, J. D. (2013). Head impact exposure in youth football: High school ages 14 to 18 years and cumulative impact analysis. Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 41(12), 2474–2487. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10439-013-0861-z
Viano, D. C., Casson, I. R., & Pellman, E. J. (2007). Concussion in professional football: Biomechanics of the struck player - Part 14. Neurosurgery, 61(2), 313–327. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000279969.02685.D0
Viano, D. C., & Pellman, E. J. (2005). Concussion in professional football: Biomechanics of the striking player - Part 8. Neurosurgery, 56(2), 266–278. https://doi.org/10.1227/01.NEU.0000150035.54230.3C
Zhang, L., Yang, K. H., & King, A. I. (2001). Biomechanics of neurotrauma. Neurological Research, 23(2–3), 144–156. https://doi.org/10.1179/016164101101198488
Zuckerman, S. L., Reynolds, B. B., Yengo-Kahn, A. M., Kuhn, A. W., Chadwell, J. T., Goodale, S. E., … Solomon, G. S. (2019). A football helmet prototype that reduces linear and rotational acceleration with the addition of an outer shell. Journal of Neurosurgery, 130(5), 1634–1641. https://doi.org/10.3171/2018.1.JNS172733
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.8n.4p.34
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2013-2024 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.
International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science
You may require to add the 'aiac.org.au' domain to your e-mail 'safe list’ If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox'. Otherwise, you may check your 'Spam mail' or 'junk mail' folders.