Maintaining Karonese Ecolexicon through Traditional Game Cengkah-cengkah

Bahagia Tarigan, Rudy Sofyan

Abstract


A language and its environment are so dependent one another that maintaining a language also means maintaining its environment. One of the purposes of studying a language and its environment is to maintain the lexicon associated with the ecological environment, known as ecolexicon. This paper aims at maintaining Karonese ecolexicon through cengkah-cengkah, one of the Karonese traditional games in Lau Kambing and Turangi, the villages located in Salapian Sub-District, Langkat Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The study was conducted based on ecolinguistic and sociolinguistic perspectives. The data were the ecolexicon used in the Karonese traditional game cengkah-cengkah (both its old and new version). The data were collected using interview and document techniques. Based on the data analysis, it was found that the new version of Karonese traditional game cengkah-cengkah inserted more ecolexical items related to flora, cardinal points and land matters. Besides, most of the ecolexical items inserted in this game were the endangered ecolexicon that needed to be maintained. Based on the research findings, it is concluded that traditional games can serve as a good alternative way of language maintenance. Therefore, it is suggested to other researchers to do more studies on language maintenance involving traditional games from other regions.

Keywords


Cengkah-cengkah, Ecolexicon, Karonese traditional game, Language maintenance

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alisjahbana, S. T. (1971). “Some planning Processes in the Development of the Indonesian-Malay language”. In J. Rubin & B. H. Jernudd (Eds.), Can Language be Planned?: Sociolinguistic Theory and Practice for Developing Nations. Honolulu: The University Press of Hawaii.

Bailey, L. H. (1953). The Standard Cyclopedia of Horticulture. New York: The Macmillan Company.

Cardoso, H. C. (2014). (Ed.). Language Endangerment and Preservation in South Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawai’i Press.

Creswell, J. W. (2012). Educational research: Planning, conducting, and evaluating quantitative and qualitative research. 4th Edition. Boston: Pearson.

David, M. K., Cavallaro, F., & Coluzzi, P. (2009). Language Policies – Impact on Language Maintenance and Teaching: Focus on Malaysia, Singapore, Brunei and the Philippines. The Linguistics Journal, Special Edition on September 2009, 155-191.

Faber, P., León-Araúz, P. & Reimerink, A. (2014). Representing environmental knowledge in EcoLexicon. In Languages for Specific Purposes in the Digital Era. Educational Linguistics, 19, 267–301.

Faber, P., León-Araúz, P. & Reimerink, A. (2016). EcoLexicon: new features and challenges. In I. Kernerman, I. Kosem Trojina, S. Krek, & L. Trap-Jensen. (Eds.), GLOBALEX 2016: Lexicographic Resources for Human Language Technology in conjunction with the 10th edition of the Language Resources and Evaluation Conference, (pp. 73-80)..Portorož,

Fang, T. (2017). How to Maintain a Minority Language through Education. Chinese Studies, 6, 1-11.

Fill, A. (2001). Ecolinguistics: State of the Art 1998. In A. Fill & P. Mühlhäusler. (Eds.) The Ecolinguistics Reader. Language, Ecology and Environment (pp. 43-53). London: Continuum.

Hatta, M. (2011). Aplikasi Perlakuan Permukaan Tanah dan Jenis Bahan Organik terhadap Indeks Pertumbuhan Tanaman Cabe Rawit. Floratek, 6, 18-27.

Haugen, E. (1972). The Ecology of Language. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Holmes, J. (2013). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 4th Edition. London: Routledge.

Hult, F. M. (2004). Planning for Multilingualism and Minority Language Rights in Sweden. Language Policy, 3(2), 181-201.

Kelly, F. J. & Fussell, J. C. (2015). Air pollution and public health: emerging hazards and improved understanding of risk. Environ Geochem Health, 37(4), 631-649.

Kirkness, V. J. (2001). The Preservation and Use of Our Languages: Respecting the Natural Order of the Creator. Presented at the Barrie Area Native Advisory Circle Laguage Conference, Mnjikaning First Nation (RAMA), 23 February 2001. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.14288/1.0103062.

Mbete, A. M. (2009). Selayang Pandang Tentang Ekolinguistik: Perspektif Kelinguistikan Yang Prospektif. Presented at The Matriculation Program at the Linguistics Master’s Program of University of Udayana, Denpasar, Bali, on 12 Agustus 2009.

Mesthrie, R., Swann, J., Deumert, A., & Leap, W. L. (2009). Introducing Sociolinguistics. 2nd Edition. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Miles, M. B, Huberman, A. M., & Saldana, J. (2014). Qualitative Data Analysis: A Methods Sourcebook. 3rd Edition. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.

Rosa, R. N. (2013). Introduction to Linguistics. Padang: Sukabina Press.

Sallabank, J. (2010). Language Endangerment: Problems and Solutions. eSharp, Special Issue: Communicating Change: Representing Self and Community in a Technological World, 50-87.

Samarin, W. J. (1988). Ilmu Bahasa Lapangan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.

Sapir, E. (2001). Language and Environment. In A. Fill & P. Mühlhäusler. (Eds.) The Ecolinguistics Reader. Language, Ecology and Environment (pp. 13-23). London: Continuum.

Setiawati, T., Mutaqin, A. Z., Irawan, B., An’amillah, A., & Iskandar, J. (2017). Species diversity and utilization of bamboo to support life’s the community of Karangwangi Village, Cidaun Sub-District of Cianjur, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 18(1), 58-64.

Sinar, T. S. (2010). Ungkapan Verbal Etnis Melayu dalam Pemeliharaan Lingkungan. Presented at the International Seminar on Language, Literature, and Culture in Southheast Asia. Phuket Rajabhat University Thailand, 3-5 Juni 2010.

Snel, C. (2009). The role of traditional children games within the context of intangible heritage. GCAM 4: The Creative Museum: African Museums Using Culture for the Development of Children and Youth. Chief Albert Luthuli Museum, Stanger, South Africa, October 24–29, 2009, 1-5.

Suprihatno, B., Hamidy, R., & Amin, B. (2012). Analisis Biomassa dan Cadangan Karbon Tanaman Bambu Belangke (Gigantochloa pruriens). Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan, 6(1), 82-92.

Tarigan, B. (2017). Kebertahanan dan Ketergeseran Leksikon Flora Bahasa Karo: Kajian Ekolinguistik. A Doctoral Dissertation. Medan: Universitas Sumatera Utara.

Tarigan, B., Setia, E. Widayati, S., & Mbete, A. M. (2016). Language Maintenance and Shift of Flora’s Lexicons in Karonese Traditional Food: An Ecolinguistic Perspective. Communication and Linguistics Studies, 2(1), 13-17.

Tarigan, B. & Sofyan, R. (2017). Local Wisdom in the Ecolexicon Used in the New Version of Karonese Traditional Game “Cengkah-Cengkah”. Presented at the 6th International Conference on Language and Arts (ICLA), Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia, 18-19 October 2017. Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research (ASSEHR), 148, 148-152.

Wamalwa, E. W. & Oluoch, S. B. J. (2013). Language Endangerment and Language Maintenance: Can Endangered Indigenous Languages of Kenya Be Electronically Preserved?. International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 3(7), 258-266.

Wardhaugh, R. & Fuller, J. M. (2015). An Introduction to Sociolinguistics. 7th Edition. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Wilczkiewicz, M. & Wilkosz-Mamcarczyk. M. (2015). Revitalization – definition, genesis, examples. Geomatics, Landmanagement and Landscape, 2, 71-79.

Zhang, D. (2004). Home Language Maintenance among Second-Generation of Chinese American Children. Working Papers in Educational Linguistics, 19(2), 33-53.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.4p.177

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2012-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD. 

International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature

To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the journal emails into your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.