A Corpus-Based Discourse Analysis Study of WhatsApp Messenger’s Semantic Notifications
Abstract
This study is the first to analyse WhatsApp’s semantic notifications particularly those of Jordanians. It also seeks to analyse the differences in these notifications’ language use by gender and endeavors to reveal some latent socio-cultural values affecting the way users make certain language choices in these online notifications. The study contributes to knowledge since such analysis helps to reveal unique networks of individuals communicating through Arabic and English in unique and innovative ways. It mainly assists in describing the members of the Jordanian society revealing a great deal of information about their personal status, their activities, society and problems. The discourse analysis of these notifications also describes how the language has been adjusted to online discourse. The written status notifications from 300 WhatsApp’s users were compiled and analysed based on a critical discourse analysis to form a predictive model of the users based on their language and to investigate the traces of social values in these semantic expressions and explain their connotations and functions in discourse. Results indicated that the language used in WhatsApp’s status notifications were a mixture of both standard and non-standard abbreviations, reduced endings which were ungrammatical. It was also found that the linguistic notifications-based assessments constitute a valid reflection of the status of its users and their society as a whole. They were as a revelation of personal, social, religious and political issues the users are concerned about. Differences with respect to gender were not found in structural construction of the language rather in categories indicating various themes. Results showed that females status updates are more personal, religious and social while males are concerned more about political, national and international themes.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Adali, S., andGolbeck, J. (2014). Predicting personality with social behavior: A comparative study. Social Network Analysis and Mining, 4, 159.http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13278-014-0159-7.
Ahada, A. and Lim, S. (2014). Convenience or Nuisance?: The ‘WhatsApp’ Dilemma. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 155, 189–196.
Al-Sharqi, L., Hashim, K. Kutbi, I. (2015).Perceptions of Social Media Impact on Students’ Social Behavior: A Comparison between Arts and Science Students. International Journal of Education and Social Science, 2(4), 122-131.
Amry, A. B. (2014). The impact of WhatsApp mobile social learning on the achievement and attitudes of female students compared with face to face learning in the classroom. European Scientific Journal, 10(22), 116-136.
Baker, P. (2012) 'Acceptable bias?: Using corpus linguistics methods with critical discourse analysis.' Critical Discourse Studies 9(3), 247-256.
Bauman, Z. (2013). Consuming life. John Wiley & Sons.
Burr, V. (2003). Social Constructionism, Routledge.
Chung, C.K., Pennebaker, J.W. (2013) Counting little words in big data: The psychology of communities, cultures, and history. In: László, J., Forgas, J., Vincze, O. (eds.) Social Cognition and Communication. Psychology Press, New York.
Crystal, D. (2006). Language and the Internet. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Farzindar, A. and Inkpen D. (2015). Natural Language Processing for Social Media. Morgan and Claypool Publishers.
Herring S. and Kapidzic, S. (2015). Teens, Gender, and Self-Presentation in Social Media, In J.D.Wright (ed.), International encyclopedia of social and behavioral sciences, Oxford: Elsevier.
Kahn, J.H., Tobin, R.M., Massey, A.E., Anderson, J.A. (2007). Measuring emotional expression with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count. The American Journal of Psychology, 263–286.
Kapidzic, S., & Herring, S. C. (2014). Race, gender, and self-presentation in teen profile photographs. In J. D. Wright(eds.), International encyclopedia of social and behavioral sciences. Oxford: Elsevier
Kiss, J., 2013. Teenagers migrate from Facebook as parents send them friend requests. The Guardian, December 27. http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2013/dec/27/facebookdead- and-buried-to-teens-research-finds (accessed 19.01.2016).
Krauss, R.M., Chiu, C.Y. (2007). Language and Social Behavior. In: Gilbert, D., Fiske, S., Lindsey, G. (eds.) Handbook of Social Psychology, 2, 41–88. McGraw-Hill, Boston
Lenhart, A. (2012). Teens and video. Pew Internet and American Life Project. http://pewinternet.org/Reports/2012/Teens-and-online-video/Findings.aspx?view=all
(accessed 20.1.16).
Liu, H. (2008). Social Network Profiles as Taste Performances. Journal of Computer‐Mediated Communication, 13: 252‐275.
Maynard, D.W., and Peräkylä, A. (2006). Language and social interaction. In: DeLamater, J. (ed.) Handbook of Social Psychology, 233–257.
Mphahlel, M.L: and Mashamaite, M. (2005). The impact of Short Message Service (SMS) language on language proficiency of learners and the SMS dictionaries. A challenge for Educators and lexicographers. IADIS International Conference Mobile Learning.
Parate, A. and Tripathi , N. (2015). Impact and usages of social media messenger WhatsApp in society with special reference to Raipur City, Media Matters, 4(1), 65-71
Park, G., Schwartz, H. A., Eichstaedt, J. C., Kern, M. L., Kosinski, M., Stillwell, D. J., & Seligman, M. E. (2015). Automatic personality assessment through social media language. Journal of personality and social psychology, 108(6), 934.
Pennebaker, J.W., Graybeal, A. (2001). Patterns of natural language use: Disclosure, personality, and social integration. Current Directions in Psychological Science 10: 90–93.
Pennebaker, J.W., Mehl, M.R., Niederhoffer, K.G (2003). Psychological aspects of natural language use: Our words, our selves. Annual Review of Psychology 54: 547–577
Prensky, M., 2001. Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon. 9(5), 1-6.
Rankin, S. L. (2010). The impact of text messaging language shortcuts on developmental students’ formal writing skills. Unpublished thesis, Walden University. Available Online at: http://www.proquest.com/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.html
Salem, A. (2013). The impact of technology (BBM and WhatsApp Applications) on English linguistics in Kuwait. International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature, 2(4), 64-69.
Schwartz, H. A., Eichstaedt, J. C., Kern, M. L., Dziurzynski, L., Ramones, S. M., Agrawal, M., .Ungar, L. H. (2013). Personality, gender, and age in the language of social media: The open vocabulary approach. PLOS ONE, 8, e73791.http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0073791
Seidlhofer, Barbara. 2011. Understanding English as a lingua franca. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Stidham, S (2014). What's on your mind? A generational comparison of language use on online social networking platforms. Unpublished PhD thesis.
Sweeny, S. M. (2010). Writing for the instant messaging and text messaging generation: Using new literacies to support writing instruction. Journal of Adolescent & Adult Literacy, 54:121-130.
Tausczik, Y., and Pennebaker, J. W. (2010). The psychological meaning of words: LIWC and computerized text analysis methods. Journal of Language and Social Psychology, 29, 24–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/ 0261927X09351676
Thurlow, C., & Brown A. (2003). Generation txt: The sociolinguistics of young people’s text-messaging. Discourse Analysis Online, 1, 1-27.
Yarkoni, T. (2010). Personality in 100,000 words: A large-scale analysis of personality and word use among bloggers. Journal of Research in Personality, 44, 363–373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.5n.6p.158
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
2012-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.
International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature
To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the journal emails into your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.