Changes in Heart Rate Variability and Post Exercise Blood Pressure from Manipulating Load Intensities of Resistance-Training

Behzad Alemi, Lian-Yee Kok, Hui-Yin Ler, Chen-Soon Chee

Abstract


Background: The isolated effect of resistance training (RT) on heart rate variability (HRV) and blood pressure (BP) is crucial when prescribing suitable training programmes for healthy individuals. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare BP and HRV responses in physically active men after an acute RT session with loads of 5-, 10- or 15-repetition maximums (5RM, 10RM and 15RM). Method: Eighty-one men (age: 21.6±1.1yr; body mass: 74.1±5.8 kg; height: 175.3 ±7.1cm) who performed moderate to vigorous physical activities for at least 30 min a day on most days of the week participated in this study. After the of 5RM loads for the bent-over row (BR), bench press (BEP), Dead-lift (DL) and squats (SQ), participants were divided into three training load groups (15RM = GrpL, 10RM = GrpM or 5RM = GrpH). During the experimental session, each group (n=27) performed 3 sets for each of the four exercise, with 2-min rest intervals between sets and exercises with their assigned training load. BP and HRV were measured prior to, immediately after, and at 15-min intervals until two hours post-experiment. Results: All three groups attained improved BP (p = .001) reductions and longer HRV (p = .0001) changes after an acute exercise session but the GrpM (10RM) and and GrpL (15RM) performed better than GrpH (5RM). Conclusion: Strength and conditioning professionals may prescribe exercises with 10-15RM loads if the aim is to obtain an acute reduction in BP after an RT session.

Keywords


Systolic Pressure, Diastolic Pressure, Heart Rate Variability, Acute Resistance Training.

Full Text:

PDF

References


American College of Sports Medicine (Ed.). (2013). ACSM's health-related physical fitness assessment manual. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Amani, A. R., Sadeghi, H., & Afsharnezhad, T. (2018). Interval training with blood flow restriction on aerobic performance among young soccer players at transition phase. Montenegrin Journal of Sports Science and Medicine, 7(2), 5. doi: 10.26773/mjssm.180901

Chen, J. L., Yeh, D. P., Lee, J. P., Chen, C. Y., Huang, C. Y., Lee, S. D., ... & Kuo, C. H. (2011). Parasympathetic nervous activity mirrors recovery status in weightlifting performance after training. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 25(6), 1546-1552. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181da7858

Collier, S. R., Kanaley, J. A., Carhart Jr, R., Frechette, V., Tobin, M. M., Bennett, N., ... & Fernhall, B. (2009). Cardiac autonomic function and baroreflex changes following 4 weeks of resistance versus aerobic training in individuals with pre‐hypertension. Acta physiologica, 195(3), 339-348. doi: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2008. 01897.x

Dekker, J. M., Crow, R. S., Folsom, A. R., Hannan, P. J., Liao, D., Swenne, C. A., & Schouten, E. G. (2000). Low heart rate variability in a 2-minute rhythm strip predicts risk of coronary heart disease and mortality from several causes: the ARIC Study. Circulation, 102(11), 1239-1244. doi: 10.1161/01.cir.102.11.1239

Figueiredo, T., Rhea, M. R., Peterson, M., Miranda, H., Bentes, C. M., dos Reis, V. M., & Simao, R. (2015). Influence of number of sets on blood pressure and heart rate variability after a strength training session. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(6), 1556-1563. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000774

Figueiredo, T., Willardson, J. M., Miranda, H., Bentes, C. M., Reis, V. M., & Simao, R. (2015). Influence of Load Intensity on Postexercise Hypotension and Heart Rate Variability after a Strength Training Session. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 29(10), 2941-2948. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000954

Figueiredo, T., Willardson, J. M., Miranda, H., Bentes, C. M., Machado Reis, V., Freitas de Salles, B., & Simão, R. (2016). Influence of rest interval length between sets on blood pressure and heart rate variability after a strength training session performed by prehypertensive men. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 30(7), 1813-1824. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001302

Gregoire, J., Tuck, S., Hughson, R. L., & Yamamoto, Y. (1996). Heart rate variability at rest and exercise: influence of age, gender, and physical training. Canadian Journal of Applied Physiology, 21(6), 455-470. doi: 10.1139/h96-040

Hagerman, F. C., Walsh, S. J., Staron, R. S., Hikida, R. S., Gilders, R. M., Murray, T. F, Ragg, K. E. (2000). Effects of high-intensity resistance training on untrained older men. I. Strength, cardiovascular, and metabolic responses. The journals of gerontology series A: Biological Sciences and medical sciences, 55(7), B336-B346. doi: 10.1093/gerona/55.7.b336

Heffernan, K. S., Fahs, C. A., Shinsako, K. K., Jae, S. Y., & Fernhall, B. (2007). Heart rate recovery and heart rate complexity following resistance exercise training and detraining in young men. The American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology293(5), H3180-3186. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00648.2007

Heffernan, K. S., Kelly, E. E., Collier, S. R., & Fernhall, B. (2006). Cardiac autonomic modulation during recovery from acute endurance versus resistance exercise. European Journal of Cardiovascular Prevention & Rehabilitation, 13(1), 80-86. doi: 10.1152/ajpheart.00648.2006

Kors, J. A., Swenne, C. A., & Greiser, K. H. (2007). Cardiovascular disease, risk factors, and heart rate variability in the general population. Journal of electrocardiology, 40(1), S19-S21. doi: 10.1186/1471-2261-5-33

MacDonald, J. R. (2002). Potential causes, mechanisms, and implications of post-exercise hypotension. Journal of human hypertension, 16(4), 225-236. doi: 10.1038/sj.jhh.1001377

Niemela, T. H., Kiviniemi, A. M., Hautala, A. J., Salmi, J. A., Linnamo, V., & Tulppo, M. P. (2008). Recovery pattern of baroreflex sensitivity after exercise. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 40(5), 864. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181666f08

Neto, G. R., Sousa, M. S., Costa, P. B., Salles, B. F., Novaes, G. S., & Novaes, J. S. (2015). Hypotensive effects of resistance exercises with blood flow restriction. The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research, 29(4), 1064-1070 doi: 10.1519/R-164

Nekooei, P., Tengku-Fadilah, T. K., Amri, S., Baki, R. B., Majlesi, S., & Nekouei, P. (2019). Anatomical Shoulder Movement Strength Imbalance Among Water Polo Overhead Athletes. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science, 7(2), 15-20. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijkss.v.7n.2p.15

Piras, A., Persiani, M., Damiani, N., Perazzolo, M., & Raffi, M. (2015). Peripheral heart action (PHA) training as a valid substitute to high intensity interval training to improve resting cardiovascular changes and autonomic adaptation. European Journal of Applied Physiology 115(4), 763-773. doi: 10.1007/s00421-014-3057-9

Pescatello, L. S., Guidry, M. A., Blanchard, B. E., Kerr, A., Taylor, A. L., Johnson, A. N., . . . Thompson, P. D. (2004). Exercise intensity alters postexercise hypotension. Journal of hypertension, 22(10), 1881-1888. doi: 10.1097/00004872-200410000-00009

Rezk, C. C., Marrache, R. C., Tinucci, T., Mion, D., Jr., & Forjaz, C. L. (2006). Post-resistance exercise hypotension, hemodynamics, and heart rate variability: influence of exercise intensity. European journal of applied physiology. 98(1), 105-112. doi: 10.1007/s00421-006-0257-y

Sandercock, G. R., Bromley, P. D., & Brodie, D. A. (2005). Effects of exercise on heart rate variability: inferences from meta-analysis. Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise,37(3), 433-439. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000155388.39002.9d

Sztajzel, J. (2004). Heart rate variability: a noninvasive electrocardiographic method to measure the autonomic nervous system. Swiss medical weekly, 134, 514-522. DOI: 2004/35/smw-10321

Tarvainen, M. P., Niskanen, J. P., Lipponen, J. A., Ranta-Aho, P. O., & Karjalainen, P. A. (2014). Kubios HRV–heart rate variability analysis software. Computer methods and programs in biomedicine, 113(1), 210-220. Doi: 10.1016/j.cmpb.2013.07.024

Teixeira, L., Ritti-Dias, R. M., Tinucci, T., Júnior, D. M., & de Moraes Forjaz, C. L. (2011). Post-concurrent exercise hemodynamics and cardiac autonomic modulation. European journal of applied physiology, 111(9), 2069-2078. doi: 10.1007/s00421-010-1811-1

Wanderley, F. A., Moreira, A., Sokhatska, O., Palmares, C., Moreira, P., Sandercock, G., ... & Carvalho, J. (2013). Differential responses of adiposity, inflammation and autonomic function to aerobic versus resistance training in older adults. Experimental gerontology, 48(3), 326-333. doi: 10.1016/j.exger.2013.01.002




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575//aiac.ijkss.v.8n.2p.40

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2013-2024 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD.

International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science

You may require to add the 'aiac.org.au' domain to your e-mail 'safe list’ If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox'. Otherwise, you may check your 'Spam mail' or 'junk mail' folders.