The Effect of Typographical Features of Subtitles on Nonnative English Viewers’ Retention and Recall of Lyrics in English Music Videos

Farshid Tayari Ashtiani

Abstract


The goal of this study was to test the effect of typographical features of subtitles including size, color and position on nonnative English viewers’ retention and recall of lyrics in music videos. To do so, the researcher played a simple subtitled music video for the participants at the beginning of their classes, and administered a 31-blank cloze test from the lyrics at the end of the classes. In the second test, the control group went through the same procedure but experimental group watched the customized subtitled version of the music video. The results demonstrated no significant difference between the two groups in the first test but in the second, the scores remarkably increased in the experimental group and proved better retention and recall. This study has implications for English language teachers and material developers to benefit customized bimodal subtitles as a mnemonic tool for better comprehension, retention and recall of aural contents in videos via Computer Assisted Language Teaching approach.


Keywords


Typographical features, lyrics, retention and recall, music video, song, bimodal subtitles

Full Text:

PDF

References


Abdolmanafi Rokni, S.J, Jannati Ataee, A. (2014). Movies in EFL Classrooms: With or Without Subtitles. The Dawn Journal. 3 (1). [Online] Available https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/1c05/2301627318561e44c12716a9c38d5096fa56.pdf

Arakas. A., Saricoban. A. (2012). The Impact of Watching Subtitled Animated Cartoons on Incidental Vocabulary Learning of ELT Students. Teaching English with Technology, 12 (4), 3-15. [Online] Available cejsh.icm.edu.pl/cejsh/element/bwmeta1.element.desklight.../c/ARTICLE1.pdf

Bailey, K. M., Hatch, E., Lazaraton, A. (1994). The Research Manual: Design and Statistics for Applied Linguistics. TESOL Quarterly 28 (1), 209. https://doi.org/10.2307/3587214

Baltova, I. (1999). Multisensory Language Teaching in a Multidimensional Curriculum: The Use of Authentic Bimodal Video in Core French. The Canadian Modern Language Review, 56 (1), 31-48. https://doi.org/10.3138/cmlr.56.1.31

Borras I., & Lafayette, R.C. (1994). Effects of multimedia courseware subtitling on the speaking performance of college students of French. The Modern Language Journal, 78 (1), 61. https://doi.org/10.2307/329253

Danan. M. (1992). Reversed Subtitling and Dual Coding Theory: New Directions for Foreign Language Instruction,” Language Learning, 42 (4), 497-527. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1992.tb01042.x

Gardner, H. (1999b). The disciplined mind. (Chapter one). Simon & Schuster Publication. ISBN-13: 978-0684843247

Garza. T. J. (1991). Evaluating the Use of Captioned Video Materials in Advanced Foreign Language Learning. Foreign Language Annals, 24 (3), 239-258. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-9720.1991.tb00469.x

Gillespie, J., & Lonergan, J. (1986). Video in Language Teaching. The Modern Language Journal, 70(2), 167. Doi: 10.2307/327326

Gorjian, B. (2014). The Effect of Movie Subtitling on Incidental Vocabulary Learning among EFL Learners,” International Journal of Asian Social Science, 4 (9), 1013-1026. [Online] Available: http://www.aessweb.com/download.php?id=2886

Holobow, N.E, Lambert, W.E, Sayegh, L. (1984). Pairing Script and Dialogue: Combinations That Show Promise for Second or Foreign Language Learning. Language Learning, 34 (4), 59-74. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-1770.1984.tb00352.x

Kazemi, S. A, Zarei, L. (2015). A Relook at the Efficacy of Persion and English Subtitled Movies on the Improvement of EFL Incidental Vocabulary Retention. European Journal of Academic Essays 2 (11), 43-50.

ISSN (online): 2183-1904. [Online] Available: euroessays.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/12/EJAE-471.pdf

King, J. (2002). Using DVD Feature Films in the EFL Classroom. Computer Assisted Language Learning, 15 (5), 509-523. https://doi.org/10.1076/call.15.5.509.13468

Kovacs, G (2013). Multimedia for Language Learning. S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/85217

Gillespie, J., & Lonergan, J. (1986). Video in Language Teaching. The Modern Language Journal, 70 (2), 167. Doi: 10.2307/327326

Grignon, P., Lavaur, J. M., Blanc, N. (2005). The Effects of Subtitles on Film Understanding. [Online] Available: https://kamiresearching.wordpress.com/2009/10/12/the-effect-of-subtitles-on-film-understanding-2005

Mateo M. (2007b). Subtitling today: New uses, attitudes and developments. Linguistica Antverpiensia New Series – Themes in Translation Studies, 6: 135–154. [Online] Available: https://lans-tts.uantwerpen.be/index.php/LANS-TTS/article/view/184

Matthews, M.L. (1988).The influence of color on CRT reading performance and subjective comfort under operational conditions. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-6870(87)90140-2

Neuman, S. B. Koskinen. P. (1992). Captioned Television as Comprehensible Input: Effects of Incidental Word Learning from Context for Language Minority Students. Reading Research Quarterly, 27 (1), 94. https://doi.org/10.2307/747835

Olurinola et al (2015). Color in Learning: It’s Effect on the Retention Rate of Graduate Students. Journal of Education and Practice. 6 (14). [Online] Available: files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1080132.pdf

Parks, C. (1994). Closed Captioned TV: A Resource for ESL Literacy Education”, in Eric Digest (ED372662). Washington DC. [Online] Available: http://www.ericdigests.org/1995-1/tv.htm.

Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative research and evaluation methods (3rd ed). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Read, J. (2004). Research in Teaching Vocabulary. Annual Review of Applied Linguistics. 24, 146-161. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0267190504000078

Rajendran. D.J et al (2001). Effect of Text Chunking on Subtitling: A Quantitative and Qualitative Examination. Perspectives. 21 (1), 5-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/0907676x.2012.722651

Silveira, J. Diaz, F. (2014). The Effects of Subtitles on Listeners’ Perception of Expressivity. Psychology of music. 42(2): 233-250. Sage https://doi.org/10.1177/0305735612463951

Tinker M.A, & Paterson, D. G. (1931). Studies of typographical factors influencing speed of reading. VII. Variations in color of print and background. Journal of Applied Psychology, 15 (5), 471-479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0076001

Vanderplank, R. (1988). The Value of Teletext Sub-Titling in Language Learning. ELT Journal, 42 (4), 272-281. https://doi.org/10.1093/elt/42.4.272

Wesche, M. & S.T. Paribakht, S. (1996). Assessing Second Language Vocabulary Knowledge: Breadth and Depth. Canadian Modern Language Review, 51, 13-40.

Wu. J & Yuan. Y. (2003). Improving Searching and Reading Performance: The Effect of Highlighting and Text Color Coding. Information and Management, 7: 617-637. Doi: 10.1016/S0378-7206(02)00091-5

Zanon. N. T. (2006). Using Subtitles to Enhance Foreign Language Learning. Porta Linguarum 6, 41-52. ISSN: 1697-7467. [Online] Available: www.ugr.es/~portalin/articulos/PL_numero6/talavan.pdf

Zarei, A. A. Zarnani, P. (2012). The Effect of Bimodal, Standard, and Reversed Code Mixing on L2 Vocabulary Recognition and Recall. International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature. 1 (4), 183-190. https://doi.org/10.7575/ijalel.v.1n.4p.183




DOI: https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.6n.7p.122

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.




Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

2012-2023 (CC-BY) Australian International Academic Centre PTY.LTD

International Journal of Applied Linguistics and English Literature

To make sure that you can receive messages from us, please add the journal emails into your e-mail 'safe list'. If you do not receive e-mail in your 'inbox', check your 'bulk mail' or 'junk mail' folders.